SMART MEDICATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR PATIENT SAFETY AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE: A REVIEW
-
Badri.Sireesha
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dr. Samuel George Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Tarlupadu Road, Markapur, Markapur Dt, Pin code: 523316
sireeshasiri1282@gmail.com
Abstract
Medication errors and poor treatment adherence remain common healthcare problems, particularly among elderly individuals, rural populations, and patients with limited health literacy. Many patients find it difficult to understand medication instructions, dosage schedules, and precautions, which can lead to unsafe medicine use and poor treatment outcomes. QR codes, pictograms, multilingual guidance systems, AI chatbots, voice assistants, reminder applications, smart packaging, and telepharmacy services are increasingly being used to improve medication communication and adherence. These approaches make medication information easier to access and understand while also assisting pharmacists in patient counseling, follow-up care, and adherence monitoring.
Keywords:
Smart medication systems, patient safety, medication adherence, artificial intelligence, AI chatbots, QR code-based medication systems, pictogram-assisted communication, multilingual medication guidance, telepharmacy, digital health
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. World Health Organization. Medication Without Harm: WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge. Geneva: WHO; 2017 1
2. Donaldson LJ, Kelley ET, Dhingra-Kumar N, Kieny MP, Sheikh A. Medication without harm: WHO’s third global patient safety challenge. Lancet. 2017;389(10080):1680-1681 2
3. Maher RL, Hanlon J, Hajjar ER. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(1):57-65 3
4. Jiang F, Jiang Y, Zhi H, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017;2(4):230-243
5. Mesko B, Hetenyi G, Gyorffy Z. Will artificial intelligence solve the human resource crisis in healthcare? BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:545.
6. Bibault JE, Chaix B, Nectoux P, et al. Healthcare ex Machina: conversational agents in healthcare. Clin TranslRadiat Oncol. 2019;16:55-59.
7. Schiff GD, Amato MG, Eguale T, et al. Computerised physician order entry-related medication errors. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(9):572-580.
8. Law C, So S. QR codes in healthcare: applications and benefits. Health Informatics J. 2010;16(4):265-271.
9. Jacobs EA, Agger-Gupta N, Chen AH, Piotrowski A, Hardt EJ. Language barriers in healthcare settings. Public Health Rep. 2006;121(4):424-434.
10. Houts PS, Doak CC, Doak LG, Loscalzo MJ. The role of pictures in improving health communication. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;61(2):173-190.
11. Laranjo L, Dunn AG, Tong HL, et al. Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018;25(9):1248-1258.
12. Sezgin E, Militello LK, Huang Y, Lin S. Patient-facing voice and chatbot technologies in healthcare. JAMIA Open. 2020;3(3):320-325.
13. Vervloet M, Linn AJ, van Weert JC, et al. The effectiveness of interventions using electronic reminders to improve adherence. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19(5):696-704.
14. Kruse CS, Beane A. Health information technology and patient outcomes. Yearb Med Inform. 2018;27(1):110-119.
15. Keshta I, Odeh A. Security and privacy of electronic health records. Egypt Inform J. 2021;22(2):177-183.
16. Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):44-56.
17. Davenport T,Kalakota R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J. 2019;6(2):94-98.
18.Chalasani SH, Syed J, Ramesh M, Patil V, Pramod Kumar TM. Artificial intelligence in the field of pharmacy practice: A literature review. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm.2023;12:100346
18. Graafsma J, Murphy RM, van de Garde EMW, et al. The use of artificial intelligence to optimize medication alerts generated by clinical decision support systems: A scoping review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2024;31(6):1411-1422.
19. Francaviglia B, et al. Clinical feasibility of a quick response code-based digital self-reporting of medication adherence: Results in patients on ticagrelor therapy from the APOLLO-QR observational study. 2025.
20. Chan HK, Hassali MA, Lim CJ, Saleem F, Tan WL. Using pictograms to assist caregivers in liquid medication administration: A systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2015;40(3):266-272.
21. Izzah Z, Zijp TR, Taxis K, et al. Electronic smart blister packages to monitor and support medication adherence: A usability study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022;16:2259-2270.
22. Mason M, Cho Y, Rayo J, Gong Y, Harris M, Jiang Y. Technologies for medication adherence monitoring and technology assessment criteria: Narrative review. JMIR MhealthUhealth. 2022;10(3):e35157.
23. Sarasmita MA, Sudarma IW, Jaya MKA, Irham LM, Susanty S. Telepharmacy implementation to support pharmaceutical care services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2024.
24. Mukhtar T, Babur MN, Abbas R, Irshad A, Kiran Q. Digital health literacy: A systematic review of interventions and their influence on healthcare access and Sustainable Development Goal 3. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(3):910-918.
2. Donaldson LJ, Kelley ET, Dhingra-Kumar N, Kieny MP, Sheikh A. Medication without harm: WHO’s third global patient safety challenge. Lancet. 2017;389(10080):1680-1681 2
3. Maher RL, Hanlon J, Hajjar ER. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(1):57-65 3
4. Jiang F, Jiang Y, Zhi H, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017;2(4):230-243
5. Mesko B, Hetenyi G, Gyorffy Z. Will artificial intelligence solve the human resource crisis in healthcare? BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:545.
6. Bibault JE, Chaix B, Nectoux P, et al. Healthcare ex Machina: conversational agents in healthcare. Clin TranslRadiat Oncol. 2019;16:55-59.
7. Schiff GD, Amato MG, Eguale T, et al. Computerised physician order entry-related medication errors. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(9):572-580.
8. Law C, So S. QR codes in healthcare: applications and benefits. Health Informatics J. 2010;16(4):265-271.
9. Jacobs EA, Agger-Gupta N, Chen AH, Piotrowski A, Hardt EJ. Language barriers in healthcare settings. Public Health Rep. 2006;121(4):424-434.
10. Houts PS, Doak CC, Doak LG, Loscalzo MJ. The role of pictures in improving health communication. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;61(2):173-190.
11. Laranjo L, Dunn AG, Tong HL, et al. Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018;25(9):1248-1258.
12. Sezgin E, Militello LK, Huang Y, Lin S. Patient-facing voice and chatbot technologies in healthcare. JAMIA Open. 2020;3(3):320-325.
13. Vervloet M, Linn AJ, van Weert JC, et al. The effectiveness of interventions using electronic reminders to improve adherence. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19(5):696-704.
14. Kruse CS, Beane A. Health information technology and patient outcomes. Yearb Med Inform. 2018;27(1):110-119.
15. Keshta I, Odeh A. Security and privacy of electronic health records. Egypt Inform J. 2021;22(2):177-183.
16. Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):44-56.
17. Davenport T,Kalakota R. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J. 2019;6(2):94-98.
18.Chalasani SH, Syed J, Ramesh M, Patil V, Pramod Kumar TM. Artificial intelligence in the field of pharmacy practice: A literature review. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm.2023;12:100346
18. Graafsma J, Murphy RM, van de Garde EMW, et al. The use of artificial intelligence to optimize medication alerts generated by clinical decision support systems: A scoping review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2024;31(6):1411-1422.
19. Francaviglia B, et al. Clinical feasibility of a quick response code-based digital self-reporting of medication adherence: Results in patients on ticagrelor therapy from the APOLLO-QR observational study. 2025.
20. Chan HK, Hassali MA, Lim CJ, Saleem F, Tan WL. Using pictograms to assist caregivers in liquid medication administration: A systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2015;40(3):266-272.
21. Izzah Z, Zijp TR, Taxis K, et al. Electronic smart blister packages to monitor and support medication adherence: A usability study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022;16:2259-2270.
22. Mason M, Cho Y, Rayo J, Gong Y, Harris M, Jiang Y. Technologies for medication adherence monitoring and technology assessment criteria: Narrative review. JMIR MhealthUhealth. 2022;10(3):e35157.
23. Sarasmita MA, Sudarma IW, Jaya MKA, Irham LM, Susanty S. Telepharmacy implementation to support pharmaceutical care services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2024.
24. Mukhtar T, Babur MN, Abbas R, Irshad A, Kiran Q. Digital health literacy: A systematic review of interventions and their influence on healthcare access and Sustainable Development Goal 3. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(3):910-918.
Statistics
0 Views | 0 Downloads
How to Cite
Badri, S. (2026). SMART MEDICATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR PATIENT SAFETY AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE: A REVIEW. Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 6(2), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.38022/ajhp.v6i2.142
Issue
Section
Review Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
.