Review on concepts of hypertension treatment
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Samayala Pavan Kalyan
B.Pharmacy final year student, Jagan’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nellore
swamy.cool99@gmail.com
- C.Kiran Kumar Associate Professor, Dept.of Pharmacy Practice, Jagan’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Nellore
- P.Venkatesh Principal Jagan’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Nellore
Abstract
The outcome of treatment in elderly hypertensives is examined in six major randomized controlled trials. Thiazide diuretics were first-or second-line drugs in each, and the development of a national database on normative blood pressure levels throughout childhood has contributed to the recognition of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents. The epidemic of childhood obesity, the risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy, and evidence of the early.
Keywords:
hypertension, Thiazide diuretics, hypertrophy
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References
1. Adamsson Eryd S, Gudbjornsdottir S, Manhem K, Rosengren A, Svensson AM, Miftaraj M et al. Blood pressure and complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes and no previous cardiovascular disease: National population based cohort study. BMJ. 2016; 354:i4070.
2. Akanabe H, Ishiguro M, Yagi Y, Ohshima S, Ohmae M, Mori H et al. Effect of diltiazem hydrochloride in essential hypertension. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, and Toxicology. 1985; 23(2):63–9.
3. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2000; 283(15):1967–1975.
4. Ambrosius WT, Sink KM, Foy CG, Berlowitz DR, Cheung AK, Cushman WC et al. The design and rationale of a multicenter clinical trial comparing two strategies for control of systolic blood pressure: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Clinical Trials. 2014; 11(5):532–546.
5. Anand IS, Rector TS, Kuskowski M, Thomas S, Holwerda NJ, Cohn JN. Effect of baseline and changes in systolic blood pressure over time on the effectiveness of valsartan in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2008; 1(1):34–42.
6. Anand IS, Tam SW, Rector TS, Taylor AL, Sabolinski ML, Archambault WT et al. Influence of blood pressure on the effectiveness of a fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in the African-American Heart Failure Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007; 49(1):32–9.
7. Anavekar NS, Gans DJ, Berl T, Rohde RD, Cooper W, Bhaumik A et al. Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension: A case for albuminuria. Kidney International. 2004; 66: (Suppl 92):S50–S55.
8. Anderson RJ, Bahn GD, Moritz TE, Kaufman D, Abraira C, Duckworth W. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(1):34–38.
9. Anonymous. Treating blood pressure between 140/90 and 160/95 mmHg: No proven benefit. Prescrire International. 2014; 23(148):106.
10. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: The PROGRESS trial. Journal of Hypertension. 2006; 24(6):1201–8.
11. Arima H, Tanizaki Y, Yonemoto K, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hata J et al. Impact of blood pressure levels on different types of stroke: The Hisayama study. Journal of Hypertension. 2009; 27(12):2437–43.
12. Arnold JMO, Yusuf S, Young J, Mathew J, Johnstone D, Avezum A et al. Prevention of heart failure in patients in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study. Circulation. 2003; 107(9):1284–1290.
13. Asayama K. Observational study and participant-level meta-analysis on antihypertensive drug treatment-related cardiovascular risk. Hypertension Research. 2017; 40(10):856–860.
14. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Hanazawa T, Watabe D, Hosaka M, Satoh M et al. Does antihypertensive drug class affect day-to-day variability of self-measured home blood pressure? The HOMED-BP Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016; 5(3):e002995.
15. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Metoki H, Obara T, Inoue R, Kikuya M et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in the first trial of antihypertensive therapy guided by self-measured home blood pressure. Hypertension Research. 2012; 35(11):1102–1110.
16. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Satoh A, Tanaka S, Higashiyama A, Murakami Y et al. Cardiovascular risk and blood pressure lowering treatment among elderly individuals: Evidence for cardiovascular prevention from observational cohorts in Japan. Journal of Hypertension. 2018; 36(2):410–418.
2. Akanabe H, Ishiguro M, Yagi Y, Ohshima S, Ohmae M, Mori H et al. Effect of diltiazem hydrochloride in essential hypertension. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, and Toxicology. 1985; 23(2):63–9.
3. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2000; 283(15):1967–1975.
4. Ambrosius WT, Sink KM, Foy CG, Berlowitz DR, Cheung AK, Cushman WC et al. The design and rationale of a multicenter clinical trial comparing two strategies for control of systolic blood pressure: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Clinical Trials. 2014; 11(5):532–546.
5. Anand IS, Rector TS, Kuskowski M, Thomas S, Holwerda NJ, Cohn JN. Effect of baseline and changes in systolic blood pressure over time on the effectiveness of valsartan in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2008; 1(1):34–42.
6. Anand IS, Tam SW, Rector TS, Taylor AL, Sabolinski ML, Archambault WT et al. Influence of blood pressure on the effectiveness of a fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in the African-American Heart Failure Trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007; 49(1):32–9.
7. Anavekar NS, Gans DJ, Berl T, Rohde RD, Cooper W, Bhaumik A et al. Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension: A case for albuminuria. Kidney International. 2004; 66: (Suppl 92):S50–S55.
8. Anderson RJ, Bahn GD, Moritz TE, Kaufman D, Abraira C, Duckworth W. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(1):34–38.
9. Anonymous. Treating blood pressure between 140/90 and 160/95 mmHg: No proven benefit. Prescrire International. 2014; 23(148):106.
10. Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S et al. Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: The PROGRESS trial. Journal of Hypertension. 2006; 24(6):1201–8.
11. Arima H, Tanizaki Y, Yonemoto K, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hata J et al. Impact of blood pressure levels on different types of stroke: The Hisayama study. Journal of Hypertension. 2009; 27(12):2437–43.
12. Arnold JMO, Yusuf S, Young J, Mathew J, Johnstone D, Avezum A et al. Prevention of heart failure in patients in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study. Circulation. 2003; 107(9):1284–1290.
13. Asayama K. Observational study and participant-level meta-analysis on antihypertensive drug treatment-related cardiovascular risk. Hypertension Research. 2017; 40(10):856–860.
14. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Hanazawa T, Watabe D, Hosaka M, Satoh M et al. Does antihypertensive drug class affect day-to-day variability of self-measured home blood pressure? The HOMED-BP Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016; 5(3):e002995.
15. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Metoki H, Obara T, Inoue R, Kikuya M et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in the first trial of antihypertensive therapy guided by self-measured home blood pressure. Hypertension Research. 2012; 35(11):1102–1110.
16. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Satoh A, Tanaka S, Higashiyama A, Murakami Y et al. Cardiovascular risk and blood pressure lowering treatment among elderly individuals: Evidence for cardiovascular prevention from observational cohorts in Japan. Journal of Hypertension. 2018; 36(2):410–418.
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Samayala , P. K., C, K. K., & P, V. (2022). Review on concepts of hypertension treatment. Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2(1), 18-21. https://doi.org/10.38022/ajhp.v2i1.46
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