In vivo assessment of shatter proof character of herbal preparations at odds with hydroquinone induced genotoxicity
Abstract
Hydroquinone (QOH) is a crucial metabolite of benzene broadcating after benzene bioconversion mostly in liver, kidney, and bone marrow. Genotoxicity mention to inter linkage with, or vandalization to, DNA and/or other cellular constituents which synchronize the constancy of the genome. Chyawanprash, is a poly herbal preparation in which Embilica offcinalis is a major component is widely used as a health tonic. It is claimed to reduce aging and age-related ailments and are known immune modulatory and antioxidant properties. There by preventing mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Aswagandhadi lehya is also an ayurvedic poly herbal preparation therapeutically used as Rejuvenating agent, aphrodisiac and used to treat disorders of Blood, Piles, and Psychosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the conservetive role of herbal compounds against hydroquinone induced Genotoxicity using albino rats of wistar strain bone marrow cells. The data suggested that Hydroquinone induced oxidative damage was significantly attenuated by herbal formulations through up regulation of SOD, CAT, GSH levels and down regulation of MDA levels.
Keywords:
Hydroquinone, biotransformation, Genotoxicity, Chyawanprash, mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis
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References
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2. Arvind Chopra, Vijay V. Doiphode, (2002), Ayurvedic medicine core concept, therapeutic principles, and current relevance, complementary and alternative medicine, Volume-86, 75-89.
3. Avijit Banerji, Julie Banerji, Manosi Das, Dhiren Mondol, Jayram Hazra, (2017), Some Aspects of Investigation of the Indian Medicinal Plant Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.: Chemical Constituents and Anti-Diabetic Activity, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(4):50-64.
4. Ayurvedic formulary of India, Part-1, Second Edition, (Government of India, Ministry of Health and family welfare; New Delhi ), 113
5. Bhattacharya, S.K., Satyan, K.S., Ghosal, S., 1997b. Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 35 (3), 236–239.
6. Candeias LP, Steenken S. (1992), Electron adducts of adenine nucleosides and nucleotides in aqueous solution: protonation at two carbon sites (C2 and C8) and intra- and intermolecular catalysis by phosphate. J Phys Chem;96: 937 – 944.
7. Claiborne, J.Y., and Malinowski D.P., and Fridovich I., (1979). “Purification and characterization of hydroperoxidase II of Escherichia coli B”. J Biol Chem. 254(22); 11664-11668.
8. David H. Phillips and Volker M. Arlt, (2009), Genotoxicity: damage to DNA and its consequences, Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Volume 1: Molecular Toxicology
9. David Kirkland, Peter Kasper, Hans-Jörg Martus (2015) Updated recommended lists of genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals for assessment of the performance of new or improved genotoxicity tests.
10. Douglas McGregor, (2007), Hydroquinone: An Evaluation of the Human Risks from its Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Properties, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37:887–914.
11. Eastmond, D.,A. , A. Hartwig, D. Anderson, W.A. Anwar, M.C. Cimino, I. Dobrev, G.R. Douglas, T. Nohmi, D.H. Phillips, C. Vickers, (2009), Mutagenicity testing for chemical risk assessment: update of the WHO/IPCS harmonized scheme, Mutagenesis 24 341–349.
12. Ellman, G.L., (1959). Tissue sulfhydryl groups”, Arch. Bioachm. Biophys, 82:70-74.
13. Francesca Pacchierotti and Valentina Stocchi., Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Somatic and Germ Cells of the Mouse, Methods in Molecular Biology, 147-163.
14. Gupta mansi, Bisht deepa, Panday Madhan M, Ojha sanjeev k, Khatoon Sayyada, Rastogi Subha, Ravat Ajay ks (2011), Standardisation of Aswagandhadi lehya- An important Ayurvedic formulation of Whithania somnifera, Indian journal of Traditional Knowledge, Vol 10(4), 594-598
15. Hee Eun Lee, Jin Ah Kim, Wan Kyunn Whang, (2017),Chemical Constituents of Smilax china L. Stems and Their Inhibitory Activities against Glycation, Aldose Reductase, _-Glucosidase, and Lipase, Molecules, 22, 451.
16. Harsh Mohan (2010), Text book of Pathophysiology, 6th Edition, Jaypee Brothers medical Publishers, Page no- 192-235
17. Jeena, K.J., Kuttan, R., (1995). Antioxidant activity of Emblica officinalis. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 19, 63–70.
18. Jeena, K.J., Kuttan, G., Josely, G., Kuttan, R., (1997). Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 22, 171–176.
19. Jeena KJ & Kuttan R, Hepatoprotective activity of Emblica officinalis and Chyavanaprash, J Ethnopharmacol, 72 (2000) 135.
20. Kay Keyer, Amy Strohmeier Gort, And James A. Imlay (1995) Superoxide and the Production of Oxidative DNA Damage, Journal of Bacteriology, p. 6782–6790.
21. Loesser, K. E., Kukreja, R. C., Kazziha, S. Y., Jesse, R. L., and Hess, M. L. (1991). Oxidative damage
22. to the myocardium: A fundamental mechanism of myocardial injury. Cardioscienee 2, 199-216.
23. Michaels HB, Hunt JW (1973). Reactions of the hydroxyl radical with polynucleotides. Radiat Res;56:57 – 70.
24. Michael C. Cimino (2006),New OECD Genetic Toxicology Guidelines and Interpretation of Results, Genetic toxicology and cancer risk assessment, 223-248
25. Milind Parle, Nitin Bansal (2006), Traditional medicinal formulation Chyawanprash—A review, Indian journal of Traditional Knowledge, vol (5)4, 484-488.
26. Mishra, H.P., and Fridovich, I., (1972). “The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase”, J BiolChem 247:3170-3175.
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V, S. G., K.GO, R. K., I, K., S, K. M., T, P., & P, S. (2021). In vivo assessment of shatter proof character of herbal preparations at odds with hydroquinone induced genotoxicity . Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2(3), 77-82. Retrieved from https://ajhponline.com/index.php/journal/article/view/65
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