Prevalence of anaemia in type 2 diabetes and its associated risk
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Atiya Tara Nasreen
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.509001
atiyatara30@gmail.com
- Ayman Naseer Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahbubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Adeeba Fathima Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahbubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Omar Taufeeq Mohammad Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahbubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Fazul Ur Rahman Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahbubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Bayya Neha Bhavani Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Sesha
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and its associated risks. Conducted at SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahbubnagar, over six months, the study enrolled 210 patients, categorized into two groups: those with T2DM alone and those with T2DM and anemia. Data collection included demographic details, clinical parameters such as HbA1c and renal function, and Framingham risk scores. Results revealed that 66.67% of T2DM patients were anemic, with moderate anemia being the most prevalent type (89%). The study identified a significant association between anemia and increased risks of cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Furthermore, Framingham risk scores indicated a higher prevalence of severe cardiovascular risks in anemic patients (77%) compared to non-anemic individuals. Rural residence (51%) and female gender (53%) were associated with higher anemia prevalence. The study concluded that anemia exacerbates the complications of T2DM and highlights the need for early detection and management to improve patient outcomes. Statistical significance was tested at P < 0.05, and findings suggest targeted interventions to mitigate risks.
Keywords:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Anemia, Cardiovascular Risk, Prevalence, Framingham Risk Score
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References
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22. Aida Y, Sawai T, Yoshida M, et al. Anemia and its association with diabetic complications. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2021;25(5):474-482. doi:10.1007/s10157-021-02008-4
2. Astor BC, Muntner P, Levin A, Eustace JA, Coresh J. Association of kidney function with anemia. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(12):1401-1408. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.12.1401
3. Prasad-Reddy L, Isaacs D. A review of the cardiovascular benefits and mortality reduction of the SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(4):835-848. doi:10.1007/s13300-020-00778-1
4. Li S, Karmouch J, Olaniyi S, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W. Anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3921. doi:10.3390/jcm10173921
5. Yoon HJ, Lee SY, Kim JK, Song YD, Oh CH. Anemia as a risk factor for diabetes: a nationwide population-based study. J Diabetes Investig. 2018;9(1):62-67. doi:10.1111/jdi.12671
6. Praveen Boppy NVVD, Haridasyam SB, Vadagam N, Venkatanarayana M, Chinnakadoori SR and Lakka NS: Separation and quantification of organic-related impurities of anti-histamine drug hydroxyzine in pharmaceutical dosage forms using stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques, Separation Science Plus 2024; 2300157
7. Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Tsalamandris C, MacIsaac RJ, Jerums G. Anemia in diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(3 Suppl 1):S49-S57. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2003.50098
8. Means RT Jr. Pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Am J Med Sci. 2004;327(1):25-38. doi:10.1097/00000441-200401000-00006
9. Madan S, Kalra OP, Agarwal S, Kumar A. A study of anemia in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2015;26(1):48-55. doi:10.4103/1319-2442.148725
10. Lakka NS, Kuppan C, Vadagam N, Ravinathan P, Chepuri K and Chinnakadoori SR: Molecular docking, in-vitro anticancer evaluation and ADME profiling of 7-Oxo Midostaurin. Journal of Molecular Structure 2023; 1293:136159.
11. Vadagam N, Haridasyam SB, Venkatanarayana M, Lakka NS and Chinnakadoori SR: Separation and simultaneous estimation of enantiomers and Diastereomers of muscarinic receptor antagonist Solifenacin using stabilityindicating Normal-phase HPLC technique with chiral stationary phase amylose tris-(3,5- dimethylphenylcarbamate). Chirality 2024; 36(2): e23632.
12. Pasham M, Haridasyam SB, Vadagam N, Praveen Boppy NVVD, Chinnakadoori SR and Lakka NS: Separation and quantification of organic-related impurities of betaadrenergic receptor blocking agent propranolol in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms: Impurity profiling using stability-indicating HPLC method. Separation Science Plus 2023;2300159.
13. Alam W, Khan H, Khan MU, Zaman M, Khan S, Haroon M. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Diabetes MetabSyndr. 2020;14(5):1445-1454. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.007
14. Bennett LL, Turcotte K, Ho M, Ng WF. Anemia in diabetes: an underappreciated issue. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2022;18(3):e141221190. doi:10.2174/1573399818666211214105721
15. Babazadeh A, Sadeghi H, Esmaeili M, Rezaei-Kelachayeh L, Jafarzadeh M. Association of anemia with diabetic nephropathy. J Ren Inj Prev. 2019;8(1):10-15. doi:10.15171/jrip.2019.03
16. Murata GH, Kwan FK, Fox CS, Ostrander BE. Prevalence of anemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(5):1289-1294. doi:10.2337/dc06-2540
17. Ko SH, Park YM, Lee WJ, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for anemia in diabetes. Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(6):442-449. doi:10.4093/dmj.2012.36.6.442
18. Vadagam N, Haridasyam SB, Venkatanarayana M, Lakka NS and Chinnakadoori SR: Separation and quantitative estimation of stereo-selective enantiomers of montelukast in pharmaceutical drug substance and tablets dosage forms by using stability-indicating normal phase-HPLC method. Chirality 2023; 35(12): 952-965.
19. Vadagam N, Haridasyam SB, Venkatanarayana M, Lakka NS and Chinnakadoori SR: Separation and quantitation ofvalacyclovir enantiomers using stability-indicating chiral liquid chromatography method with a chiral stationary phase of amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). Separation Science Plus 2023; 6(12): 2300145.
20. Zimmet PZ, Magliano DJ, Herman WH, Shaw JE. Diabetes: a 21st century challenge. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(1):56-64. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70112-8
21. Sheen AJ, Haider N, Qamar N, Ayub M. Hemoglobin and diabetes: an underexplored link. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140:109677. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109677
22. Aida Y, Sawai T, Yoshida M, et al. Anemia and its association with diabetic complications. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2021;25(5):474-482. doi:10.1007/s10157-021-02008-4
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How to Cite
Nasreen, A. T., Naseer, A., Fathima, A., Mohammad, O. T., Rahman, F. U., & Bhavani, B. N. (2025). Prevalence of anaemia in type 2 diabetes and its associated risk. Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 5(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.38022/ajhp.v5i1.95
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