Light chain deposition disease –a review
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Rimmalapudi Kiranmai
Assistant Professor, Vishwanadha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Visakhapatnam.
kiranmairimmalapudi@gmail.com
Abstract
Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD) is a rare and serious disorder characterized by the deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in various organs, leading to organ dysfunction. This abstract provides a concise overview of LCDD, emphasizing its clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches. LCDD primarily affects the kidneys, heart, liver, and other organs, causing progressive damage due to the accumulation of abnormal light chains. The disease often presents with renal impairment, proteinuria, and systemic symptoms. Histopathological examination reveals characteristic amyloid-like deposits in affected tissues, distinguishing LCDD from other renal disorders. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy are essential for confirming the presence of monoclonal light chain deposits. The identification of specific light chain types aids in determining the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Management of LCDD focuses on addressing the underlying plasma cell disorder through chemotherapy, immunomodulatory agents, or stem cell transplantation. Supportive measures such as renal replacement therapy and cardiac interventions may be necessary to manage organ-specific complications.
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